Toyota Supply Chain - 78751 Words

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT A STRATEGIC APPROACH TO THE PRINCIPLES OF TOYOTA’S RENOWNED SYSTEM ANANTH V. IYER SRIDHAR SESHADRI ROY VASHER New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright  © 2009 by Ananth V. Iyer, Sridhar Seshadri, and Roy Vasher. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-162340-7 MHID: 0-07-162340-X The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN:†¦show more content†¦Lee Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. Toyota Learning Principles and the v4L Framework Chapter 2. Comprehensive Overview of Supply Chain Chapter 3. Mix Planning Chapter 4. Sales and Operations Planning Chapter 5. Production Scheduling and Operations Chapter 6. Parts Ordering Chapter 7. Managing Suppliers Chapter 8. Logistics Chapter 9. Dealer and Demand Fulfillment Chapter 10. Crisis Management Chapter 11. The Toyota Way of Managing Supply Chains Chapter 12. How to Apply Toyota Way Principles to Nonautomotive Supply Chains Chapter 13. The Beer Game and the Toyota Supply Chain Chapter 14. Reflections of Supply Chain Participants Chapter 15. Reflections vii ix xi 1 5 25 37 55 73 85 103 121 133 147 173 185 201 215 219 221 v Appendix Index This page intentionally left blank Foreword F or decades, Toyota’s success in the marketplace has been admired by business practitioners and executives alike. The automaker is the envy of others within the automobile industry, but the company is also considered to be the symbol of excellence in business in general. The firm has been the focus of research in academia. The power of Toyota has been attributed to its two distinct core values:Show MoreRelatedToyota Supply Chain Management1575 Words   |  7 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT To begin I should define a core competency as this is related with the Supply Chain in my review, so first, what is a core competency? According to Fitzsimmons (2012), core competency is something that the company does so well that it provides the company a competitive advantage. Core competency gives the company hard-to-imitate advantage. One of the Toyotas core competencies is their production system which is known as Toyota Production System (TPS). This is consistsRead MoreToyota s Supply Chain System Essay2115 Words   |  9 PagesThe Toyota Motor Corporation was founded in Japan in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda (Abdulmalek Rajgopal, 2007, p. 225). It was an offshoot of his father’s company, Toyota Industries, and Kiichiro purposed it to create automobiles. Today, Toyota is involved in designing, manufacturing and assembling motor vehicles for sale around the globe. As of March 31st, 2014, Toyota had 338,875 employees from all around the world (Toyota, 2015). Some of Toyotaâ €™s most popular brands are the Lexus series, Prius, CamryRead MoreOperation and Supply Chain Strategy in Toyota and Amazon2772 Words   |  12 PagesOperation and Supply Chain Strategy in Toyota and Amazon Introduction The main objective of business organizations is to remain competitive by providing a better services or best product to satisfying the needs of their customers. All business concentrate to satisfying the needs and wants of customers enables a business to thrive well in the competitive local and global market. Business put in places all important strategies on their operations and also on their supply chain to ensure they achieveRead MoreToyota Supply Chain7279 Words   |  30 Pages1. 0 Introduction to Supply Chain Management: A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers. Supply chains exist in both service and manufacturing organizations, although the complexity of the chain may vary greatly from industry to industry and firm to firm. Below is an example of aRead MoreSupply Chain Strategy Of Toyota946 Words   |  4 Pages Supply Chain Strategy of Toyota Background Founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, Toyota is one of the largest automotive manufacturers in the world with its headquarters in Toyota, Aichi. The firm operates in over 170 nations and regions across the globe. The company has a personnel base of over 330,000 worldwide (Toyota 9). Toyota’s vision is to be the most respected and admired corporation. Besides, the organization’s mission entails offering exceptional automotive products and services to itsRead MoreToyota and Volkswagen supply chain management4882 Words   |  20 Pagesof the Toyota and Volkswagen. It also explains about their supply chain relationship of those manufacturers. It also gives the advantages and disadvantages of those companies. I have also compared the strategies of Toyota and Volkswagen. I have collected some details regarding the future scope and threats for both the manufacturers. I have given some general statistics of both the companies. Then I have given some future strategies of those c oncerns. Definitions: Supply chain: Supply chain encompassesRead MoreReport Pl Toyota Supply Chain3149 Words   |  13 PagesTopic: Report plan: Toyota Supply Chain Name: Course: Instructor’s Name: Date: The early twentieth century was dominated with several multibillion companies. Some of these companies included the three major motor companies often named as the (Big 3). These were the General Motor, Chrysler and Ford. Toyota came up and replaced Chrysler and became the world number two after knocking out Ford in the year 2003. Since the year 2008, Toyota has remained on the world charts as the largestRead MoreMarketing: Inventory Problems Solutions956 Words   |  4 PagesA – Class or Mass Summary (100 word) Neptune is the North America’s third-largest seafood producer in a high-end business. The company is an upmarket player. Main distribution channels: †¢ grocery chains and retailers; †¢ the best restaurants on its region; †¢ wholesalers; †¢ its own fish market. They are facing a big inventory problem. Reasons †¢ new technologies; †¢ new lows; †¢ growing demand. Proposed solutions †¢ slash prices launching a new mass-marketRead MoreAn Inconvenient Truth Arises When Consumer Products Fail957 Words   |  4 Pagesproduct, the company or manufacturer absorb the cost of replacing and fixing defective products for consumers. For large companies, the costs of repairing faulty merchandise can accumulate to multi-billion dollar losses. Notably car manufacturers Toyota (TM), General Motors (GM), and Honda (HMC) have recently suffered the embarrassing consequences of product recalls. Not only affecting the automobiles, product recalls have occurred in the food, medicine and consumer electronics industries. The lastingRead MoreGeneral Motors : An Automobile Industry1470 Words   |  6 PagesSaab and created partnerships with other major car manufacturers, such as Suzuki and Subaru. Furthermore, alliances were formed with Honda and Toyota to collaborate on driving technology and GM was the first involved to utilize services such as OnStar (Stanford Graduate School of Business, 2012). However, the complexity of the global network supply chain to produce and manufacture a vehicle, while maintaining high customer satisfaction, resulted in GM thinking about how to incorporate strategic planning

The Analytical Versus Holistic Approach Of Leadership Essay

Overview In general, we are familiar with the quote managers do things right while leaders do the right things. In essence, the analytical versus the holistic approach of leadership addresses these two separate and distinct functions within an organization. For instance, a manager focuses on the daily operations of an organization with an emphasis on team delivery, budgeting, and supervising the employees. Contrarily, leaders within an organization focus their time on improvements and innovation. In particular, leaders can perform this function since they are not responsible for running the team and mired up in minutia. As a result, there is a misnomer that managers are leaders and leaders remain managers, but they are not exclusive. Therefore, being a manager and a leader requires different abilities and dispositions. With this in mind, management entails having the skills to plan, delegate, communicate, and motivation. An individual with the administrative skills may focus on the daily operations of an organization with an emphasis on team delivery, budgeting, and supervising the employees. Moreover, managers are working on organizational efficiency, speeding up the operation to cut costs and increasing productivity, and enforcing the rules and procedures. By having the proper leadership traits, managers can conceive the right decisions and accomplish these goals. As an illustration, consider a manager working on a budget, yet lacks the leadership characteristicShow MoreRelatedThe Analytical Versus Holistic Approach Of Leadership Essay3356 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction In general, we are familiar with the quote managers do things right while leaders do the right things. In essence, the analytical versus the holistic approach of leadership addresses these two separate and distinct functions within an organization. For instance, a manager focuses on the daily operations of an organization with an emphasis on team delivery, budgeting, and supervising the employees. Contrarily, leaders within an organization focus their time on improvements and innovationRead MoreLiterature Review of Organizational Change, 2000 to 20083057 Words   |  13 PagesSelf, Thal Lo 2002). Many authors concur that the prime task of leaders is to bring about change and that leadership and change management are indeed inextricably linked (Burnes 2003, Stoker 2006, Maurer 2008). Robinson and Harvey (2008) maintain that the acceleration of globalisation has resulted in a tumultuous state of change as organisations struggle to adapt to new models of leadership. Consequently, few would dispute that with such increasing globalisation, deregulation, rapid pace of technologyRead MoreApplication of an Analytical Tool Box Design2236 Words   |  9 PagesIn this report, the aim is to provide company A with an analytical tool box design for achieving this match between research and product development. The final goal of the tools will be to encourage an imaginative climate in Company A which will increase the company’s profit margins in the long run. The report will adjust the normal technical pattern of problem identification through scanning, strategy/implementation and learning. At each stage of the report, the important set of tools will be analyzeRead MoreHow Personality Predicts Employee Performance1857 Words   |  8 Pagesperformance of an employee. Contextual performance refers to voluntary actions which are initiated to advance the interests of the organization. Contextual behaviors include keeping a positive approach, obeying rules and regu lations, politeness, loyalty, voluntarily work etc. Employees having Conscientiousness approach follow directions, are regular and stay far from engaging in unethical actions. Agreeable employees are supportive and caring towards their colleagues; however those employees which scoreRead MoreStrategic Innovation8306 Words   |  34 Pagesinnovation-point.com Page 1 A Framework for Strategic Innovation Table of Contents 1. 1.1. 1.2. THE ART AND DISCIPLINE OF STRATEGIC INNOVATION ............. 3 Traditional strategy versus Strategic Innovation ................................................................. 4 Serendipitous versus Strategic Innovation............................................................................ 4 2. 2.1. THE SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF STRATEGIC INNOVATION............... 5 A Managed InnovationRead MoreGlobal Human Capital Management Trends4491 Words   |  18 Pagesprofitable company but with the globalization of culture and the marketplace, due in part to the technology growth and the internet, they cannot successfully work with an outdated human resource system. The casinos have had a transactional style of leadership; believing that the primary purpose of a subordinate is to do their jobs, create clear work requirements, and expect the job to be done without question and immediately. The leaders have a realist view of thinking and use their expertise as theirRead MoreStarbucks Business Plan31663 Words   |  127 PagesIntroduction – what is Starbucks? 10 2.1 Subject field 11 2.2 Problem and problem formulation 11 2.3 Project design 12 3 Methodology and theory of science 14 3.1.1 Three methodological views of Arbnor and Bjerke 14 3.1.1.1 The analytical view 15 3.1.1.2 The systems view 17 3.1.1.3 The actors view 19 3.1.2 Four sociological paradigms of Burrell and Morgan 21 3.1.3 Functionalist paradigm 22 3.1.4 Interpretive paradigm 23 3.1.5 Radical humanist paradigm 23 3.1Read MoreManaging for the Future Organizational Behavior Processes7280 Words   |  30 Pagesselect the modules you want and we will provide an ISBN to you that will be unique to your custom Ancona text. Each custom order includes, at no additional cost, a short introduction to Managing for the Future, which lays out the texts basic analytical frameworks and varied goals for the course. ATTN: Custom Database Order Coordinator DATE: _ FAX: 800.270.3310 # of PAGES: _ o Please call me with the ISBN o Please e-mail me the ISBN Instructor Name _ School _ Address _ Telephone # _ Read MoreQualitative Research Methods Essay13327 Words   |  54 Pagesis on women in leadership, the objective of this research is to evaluate case study, phenomenological, and grounded theory. In effort to better understand the challenges women in leadership face in climbing the corporate ladder; this researcher selected the phenomenological method for conducting the research. Then, the plan is to synthesize the findings, and in conclusion, analyze the issues associated with sample selection, validity, and bias as they pertain to women in leadership. QualitativeRead MorePROC 5000 Midterm Prep Essay8984 Words   |  36 Pagesin the context of strategic alliances, organizations are looking at total cost as a criterion, thus allowing win-win relationship building to lower total costs. Most public and private sector organizations are expected to use integrative (win-win) versus distributive (win-lose) negotiations, as they move away from adversarial and toward collaborative relationships with suppliers. Supplier Outsourcing In the private sector, executive managements perception of supplier importance and of the purchasing/sourcing

Interpretive Analysis of Abe Kobos The Red Cocoon Essay Example For Students

Interpretive Analysis of Abe Kobos The Red Cocoon Essay Generally speaking, the purpose of most forms of artistic expression such as literary art, music, or art itself is a mode by which the author can express him/herself with. They use their respective skills and/or interests to convey feelings or thoughts on any given topic. Short fiction is by no means exempt from this. Many writers use their literary skills to express dreams, aspirations, opinions, or even political viewpoints. In order to make a dertermination of a probable origin for a story, research into the authors life and beliefs most likely will prove benefical. With this in mind, Abe Kobos story The Red Cocoon seems to be a prime example of an author expressing his political viewpoints and his personal conflicts with society through literature. Given this, researching his life and political stance might help to support or negate such an assumption. The Red Cocoon begins with a man walking down a street discussing with himself the problem of not having a house to go home to. The narrator, who is also the main character, jumps abruptly from topic to topic throughout the story, but this reoccuring theme of the lack of a house seems to be a central idea. As the narrator comtemplates, he wonders if he has just forgotten his house and proceeds to knock on the door of a random house to find out if this is what has happened. After he has explained his plight to the woman who answers the door, he begins arguing with her over having proof that it is not his house. Shortly thereafter, the narrator begins to ponder wether or not things such as concrete pipes or park benches are his house. Deciding that they are on their way to belonging to someone or that they belong to everyone and not just one person, he begins to wonder if anything exsists that belongs to no one. At the end of the story, he finds that one of his legs begins to unwind into a silk thread and wrap him up in a cocoon. Abe Kobos story is quite abstract and seems to have little meaning. In fact, that is just the opposite. After reading some information about Abe Kobo, the story seems to take on a new meaning. Abe Kobo is considered to be one of the leading authors during the post-WWII era of Japanese history. Many of his works use what was then radical artistic methods of literature (Abe Kobo). In his early childhood, Abe was living in Manchuria which was occupied by the Japanese at the time. Being born in Japan, altough Abe felt strong ties to the chinese, he was left feeling like an outsider and rejected by both societes. After the war, Abe became more and more antinationalist and was interested in marxism and communism. Soon, he even joined the Japanese Communist Party (Abe Kobo). He was quite involved in political issues at this time and many of his early writings preceding the early 60s deal with his issues about society says Clerk and Seigal in Modern Literatures of the Non-Western World (136). With this information about Abe Kobo, an interpretation of The Red Cocoon emerges with heavy political and social tones. The narators central problem of attempting to find out why he does not have a house seems to point to not only Abes feelings of isolation during his childhood, but also his socialist political viewpoints at the time. The Red Cocoon was written in 1949, a period of Abes life when he was a strong political activist (Clerk and Seigal, 136). Utopian marxist or communist views on society center around a flat heirarchial structure where no one is more powerful or of a higher class than any other. The property of the country is reffered to as property of everyone and ownership is somewhat denounced in the strictist forms of the political stance. .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 , .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 .postImageUrl , .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 , .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17:hover , .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17:visited , .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17:active { border:0!important; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17:active , .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17 .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0f8f859180dfa410e6cc358d75fef17:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Odd Man Out Essay Abes character in The Red Cocoon seems to be having problems with ownership of houses and other pieces of property. The question is asked, Even if it isnt mine, cant there be just one thing that doesnt belong to anyone? This question appears to have socialist .

Saint Essays - Cardinals Created By Pope John Paul II, Pope Francis

Saint Francis Life St. Francis's life began as any other man of his time. He was a wealthy individual who was preoccupied with material comforts. This preoccupation also led him to fear the poor, especially lepers. St. Francis then entered into a conversion that led him to be an alter Christus. He gave up all his material possessions and embraced poverty and welcomed the poor and needy into his life with open arms. he ignored the ridicule he received from both his family and his peers and entered this new way of life and became dedicated to helping people in need. St. Francis's conversion began after he had been imprisoned for a year in a foreign country. He returns home and falls ill and is bedridden for another year. He then sets out for another war, but is called home by the beckoning of God. His conversion is gradual as he begins slowly working with the poor and the lepers. Francis eventually becomes estranged from his family and is brought before the Bishop of Assisi by his father. Here Francis publicly renounces his inheritance, strips his clothes, and begins his journey in search of God's Kingdom. Francis is ridiculed by his friends and his peers, but he endures the humiliation and continues his work with the poor. Now Francis begins to imitate Jesus and begins preaching, this leads to many men following Francis and creation the Franciscan Order. These men went throughout the cities and countryside helping the poor and rebuilding the church both physically and spiritually. For the rest of Francis's life he spread the word of God, and in his death he received the great honor of Sainthood. St. Francis not only touched the lives of people in his own time, but he also touched the next generation with his teachings he has left behind. The mere mention of St. Francis's name brings to mind poverty. This is a man who gave up all his worldly possessions and joined the beggars in the streets. St. Francis's reasoning for doing the was to become closer to God and his kingdom. Francis's relationship to poverty can be defined by these lines, "holy poverty stands high above all the virtues that prepare in us a dwelling place for God..." (Sacrum Commercium). It also states that, "blessed are the poor in spirit," Jesus said, "for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven." As Francis interprets the Bible, God enters your life only when you are poor in spirit, and when this occurs the kingdom of Heaven is made available to you. St. Francis and his followers took these words to heart and lived every day of their lives following these lessons. Becoming closer to God was the sole reason for Francis's vow of poverty. Accompanying this vow he also believed he had the solution to war. St. Francis taught his followers that if they had possessions that they would need arms to defend them. He believed that possessions led to violence, hatred, and war. Individuals self worth is to often measured by how money they possess of what possessions they have. Without possessions mankind would all be on equal footing and there for less problems would exist. Today reality shows us that such a way of living is not possible. In today's world, instead of flaunting our wealth, we can share and try not to measure people to these standards. When one brings these teachings into the twentieth century it is hard to imagine actually following them as St. Francis did. When I think of myself and all the materials that we possess; giving everything up is not an option. We are a selfish human race as a whole, and we thrive on buying the newest technology and latest fashions. Giving our time by volunteering and giving to various charities are two small ways we, even as college students, can make a difference. It may not appear to be as radical as St. Francis's conversion but if everyone contributes in a small way it will make a world of difference.

Telecommunications

Telecommunications The transmission of words, sounds, images, or data in the form of electronic or electromagnetic signals or impulses. Transmission media include the telephone (using wire or optical cable), radio, television, microwave, and satellite. Data communication, the fastest growing field of telecommunication, is the process of transmitting data in digital form by wire or radio.Digital data can be generated directly in a 1/0 binary code by a computer or can be produced from a voice or visual signal by a process called encoding. A data communications network is created by interconnecting a large number of information sources so that data can flow freely among them. The data may consist of a specific item of information, a group of such items, or computer instructions. Examples include a news item, a bank transaction, a mailing address, a letter, a book, a mailing list, a bank statement, or a computer program.The devices used can be computers, terminals (devices that transmit and receive informa tion), and peripheral equipment such as printers (see Computer; Office Systems).Representative academic library LAN with external ...The transmission line used can be a normal or a specially purchased telephone line called a leased, or private, line (see Telephone). It can also take the form of a microwave or a communications-satellite linkage, or some combination of any of these various systems.Hardware and SoftwareEach telecommunications device uses hardware, which connects a device to the transmission line; and software, which makes it possible for a device to transmit information through the line.HardwareHardware usually consists of a transmitter and a cable interface, or, if the telephone is used as a transmission line, a modulator/demodulator, or modem.A transmitter prepares information for transmission by converting it from a form that the device uses (such as a clustered or parallel arrangement of electronic bits of information) to...

How to Find the Phoenix Constellation

How to Find the Phoenix Constellation The Phoenix constellation is a southern-hemisphere star pattern. Named after the mythical bird, Phoenix is part of a larger grouping of southern-hemisphere constellations referred to as the Southern Birds. Finding Phoenix To locate Phoenix, look toward the southern region of the southern hemisphere sky. Phoenix is located between the constellations Eridanus (the River), Grus (the crane), and Horologium, the clock. Parts of the constellation are visible to northern hemisphere observers south of the 40th parallel, but the best view is reserved for those living well south of the equator.   Phoenix constellation is a galaxy-hunters delight, with a number of galaxies and clusters. Click to enlarge. Carolyn Collins Petersen The Story of Phoenix In China, this constellation was considered part of the nearby Sculptor star pattern and was viewed as a fish-catching net. In the Middle East, the constellation was called Al Rial and Al Zaurak, the latter of which means the boat. This terminology makes sense, as the constellation is located nearby to Eridanus, the river constellation. In the 1600s, Johann Bayer named the constellation Phoenix and recorded it in his astronomical charts. The name came from the Dutch term Den voghel Fenicx or The Bird Phoenix. French explorer and astronomer Nicolas de Lacaille also charted Phoenix and applied Bayer designations to the brightest stars in the pattern.   The Stars of Phoenix The main part of Phoenix looks like a triangle and a lopsided quadrangle stuck together. The brightest star is called Ankaa, and its official designation is alpha Phoenicis (alpha indicates the brightness). The word Ankaa comes from Arabic and means Phoenix. This star is an orange giant located about 85 light-years away from the Sun. The second brightest star, beta Phoenicis, is actually a pair of yellow giant stars in orbit around a common center of gravity. Other stars in Phoenix form the shape of a boats keel. The official constellation assigned by the International Astronomical Union contains many more stars, some of which appear to have planetary systems around them. The constellation Phoenix as shown in the official IAU charts. IAU/Sky Publishing Phoenix is also the radiant for a pair of meteor showers called the December Phoenicids and the July Phoenicids. The December shower occurs from November 29 until December 9; its meteors come from the tail of comet 289P/Blanpain. The July shower is very minor and occurs from July 3 to July 18 each year.   Deep-Sky Objects in Phoenix Located in the far south position in the sky, Phoenix is far from the Milky Ways abundant star clusters and nebulae. Nevertheless, Phoenix is a galaxy hunters delight, with numerous types of galaxies to explore. Amateur stargazers with a decent telescope will be able to view NGC 625, NGC 37, and a group of four called Roberts Quartet: NGC 87, NGC 88, NGC 89, and NGC 92. The quartet is a compact galaxy group about 160 million light-years away from us.   The Phoenix Cluster galaxies seen in x-ray, visible light, and ultraviolet wavelengths. X-ray: NASA/CXC/MIT/M.McDonald et al; Optical: NASA/STScI; Radio: TIFR/GMRT Professional astronomers study these galaxies in an effort to understand how such giant associations of galaxies exist. The biggest one in the area is the Phoenix Cluster: 7.3 million light-years across and located 5.7 billion light-years away. Discovered as part of the South Pole Telescope collaboration, the Phoenix Cluster contains a highly active central galaxy that produces hundreds of new stars per year. Although it cant be seen with amateur telescopes, an even larger cluster exists in this region, too: El Gordo. El Gordo is comprised of two smaller galaxy clusters colliding with each other.

Physician-Patient Communication Changed by Electronic Mail Exchange Annotated Bibliography

Physician-Patient Communication Changed by Electronic Mail Exchange - Annotated Bibliography Example It was estimated in 2004 than 64% of physician’s use email in their communications with staff, patients, colleagues and third-party payers. This study found that patients are often frustrated and upset with the difficulty they encounter when trying to reach a physician by telephone hence the increase in patients requesting physicians to use email as a communication method. Benefits for physicians allow them to respond at any time and at their convenience while also allowing templates to be provided that respond to certain questions regarding care. Patient Gateway was used as a pilot program in certain ambulatory clinics. Results indicated that physicians felt the program was a positive though limitations of the study were that physicians were not yet using direct general messaging and the sample size was relatively small. The majority of the European populations use the internet for health reasons; only 10% communicate with their physician this way. Two distinct suppliers of internet secure patient communication systems supplied a list of those offices that were currently using their system and of those offices 9 participated in this study.