Impact of Thatchers Right-to-Buy Policy

Effect of Thatchers Right-to-Buy Policy Investigate the effect of Margaret Thatchers option to-purchase strategy in the Housing Act, 1980. As Margaret Thatcher was getting ready for the 1979 general political race, she guaranteed in her Conservative declaration that if in power, she would endeavor to privatize some of Britains businesses that were state possessed. One of the ventures that she featured to be of significance was that of allowing the British individuals the chance to purchase their state possessed home which would give the common laborers an open door that was never recently introduced them. Thatcher and the Conservatives definitively beat the Labor Party on the third May 1975 and Thatcher, who was currently the principal female Prime Minister of Britain, adhered to her guarantees of the option to-purchase social lodging and in 1980, the Housing Act was passed. In this article, the results of the Housing Act from the hour of its commencement, up until the current will be examined. Since Thatchers strategy was authorized, there has been an extreme decline in the measure of lodging that is state claimed and an expansion in individuals that own their own property. In many pieces of Britain, there is minimal social lodging in Britain and a lot of vagrancy in view of the real factors of Right-to-Buy (RTB). Numerous mortgage holders have become rich landowners who have leased their ex-gathering homes out for up to multiple times more than the lease of committee inhabitants. With the expansion in mortgage holders yet a decline in social lodging, was the option to-purchase strategy that was made by Thatcher an achievement in the present day? Before an examination of Thatchers Right to Buy strategy happens, it is basic that an investigation of the production of chamber lodging be attempted. Board lodging (the term for open lodging built by neighborhood government experts in the United Kingdom), was an arrangement that was devoted to re-lodging low salary families into state possessed properties that were subsided.[1] This specific approach came about after the pulverization and outcome of the First World War and the condition of ghettos in Britain. The need to re-house families emerged from a continuous strategy of ghetto freedom during the 1920s and 1930s; a need increased from the 1940s onwards in light of the fact that 4 million UK houses were truly harmed or obliterated by bombarding following the Second World War.[2] Britain confronted a genuine lodging issue following 1945, and huge regions of the urban areas with genuine bomb harm, (for example, London in the south and Coventry in the midlands) must be totally clea red and rebuilt.[3]ã‚â Helped by the new Labor government in 1945 (which guaranteed the social government assistance program to improve the expectations for everyday comforts of all in Britain), close by the execution of the 1946 Land Acquisitions Act, which permitted neighborhood specialists to buy land for new houses to be fabricated, gathering house building was done for an immense scope after 1945 and proceeded with well into the 1970s.[4] By 1979 and at the hour of the British general political race, around 32% of all homes in Britain were board houses, totalling some 6.5 million properties.[5] The selling of state homes in Britain was not a development of Thatcher and the Conservatives in 1979. Or maybe, state claimed homes were being auctions off during the 1920s, yet as Alan Murie contends, it was done on such a littler scope contrasted with that of the Thatcher government.[6] In as far back as the nineteenth century, lodging enactment necessitated that gathering constructed abiding in redevelopment regions ought to be sold inside 10 years of completion.[7] In the 1950s, deals of social lodging expanded from the 1920s and by May 1956, more than 5,000 homes were sold (and that was simply in 1956!).[8] It was not until the late 1960s notwithstanding, when crusading Conservative nearby committees attempted effective deals conspires, that Party elites reconceived the thought as an alluring and legitimate approach option.[9] By the 1970s, the discussion over the option to purchase social lodging was getting warmed. In 1972, Peter Walker (Conservative Environment Secretary, 15 October 1970 5 November 1972) declared at the yearly party meeting that he accepted gathering occupants who wished to buy their homes had an essential option to do as such, nearby a markdown which applied to the individuals who had remained at their property long enough.[10]ã‚â Michael Hazeltine, the shadow condition secretary in 1979, likewise a traditionalist and one of Margaret Thatchers nearest associates, concurred with Walker and encouraged Thatcher that if they somehow happened to win the following political decision, a RTB strategy ought to be made for the 400,000+ individuals that were in a situation to purchase their own homes.[11] Thatcher, known for her standards of privatization, didn't take much influencing from Hazeltine and utilized this progressive arrangement as an offering point to the individuals of Britain in the development to the 1979 general political decision where Thatcher was in dispute to turn into the principal ever female Prime Minister of Britain .[12] In the Conservative pronouncement of 1979, Margaret Thatcher stressed significantly on the issue of lodging. Under the heading Helping the Family, the lodging subject extended across one and a half pages. This was more than significant issues, for example, training and the condition of the National Health Service, gives that were typically observed as essential as a selling point in a partys statement. Thatchers accentuation was as Alan Murie states, on home proprietorship and on tax breaks, lower contract rates, and extraordinary plans to make buy simpler. More significant than everything else, the selling of board houses was the extreme way to deal with empower average workers individuals to have the option to bear the cost of the option to purchase their own homes. She recommended that the more drawn out the occupant remained at their board property, the significant rebate ought to be made, to a limit of 50% for inhabitants of twenty years. Thatcher was consistently a firm devotee of leaving the individual alone in charge and the state ought to be engaged with as meager as could be expected under the circumstances. This implied with respect to lodging that social lodging costs the administration a huge measure of cash. Privatizing the lodging division to those that can bear to purchase their own property permitted to let loose government assets, just as allowing individuals the chance to purchase where before it was unrealistic. After winning the appointment of 1979, Thatcher approached making her home Act endorsed by parliament as quickly as time permits. In any case, she and her condition secretary Michael Hazeltine confronted savage resistance to the demonstration from the Labor Party and the House of Lords, and it took almost eighteen months for the demonstration to be at last affirmed by parliament (third October 1980). Upon Thatchers parliamentary triumph, she presented her Housing Act approaches in a unique transmission. In the event that you have been a committee inhabitant for in any event three years, you will have the right, by law, to purchase your home, she asserted. The option to purchase, as it was authored, turned into the trademark which would change the lodging market in the current day. Andy Beckett contends that the option to purchase trademark was sharp, clear, simple to state, simple to recall, and joining two of present day Britains most loved distractions, individual flexibility and b uying, while additionally epitomizing the more alluring side of what the Thatcher government was offering the nation, he likewise included that her utilization of the word house in the unique communicate, when a huge number of chamber inhabitants really lived in pads, was additionally noteworthy. It gave the strategy an optimistic flavor: reassuringly rural instead of lowly and urban. What Thatcher needed to do with this unique communicate was to grab the eye of the majority of Britain. As the common laborers were turning out to be increasingly more disassociated with governmental issues, it was in Thatchers enthusiasm to reignite their advantage. Realizing that this specific strategy was radical, Thatcher needed to ensure that everybody from any foundation could be affected by the execution of the Housing Act. As TV was getting all the more promptly accessible to the individuals of Britain, it was astute of Thatcher and the Conservative party to publicize option to purchase because of the advantages of TV, where it had the capacity to see Thatcher convincing people in general in a way where it felt she was in each lounge room in Britain. [1] Disney, R. (2010). The option to purchase open lodging in Britain: A government assistance investigation. Foundation of Fiscal Studies. 05 (1), p3. [2] Ibid. [3] McDonald, J. A. (2011). Urban Economics and Real Estate: Theory and Policy. Massachusetts: John Wiley Sons, Inc. p222. [4] Leventhal, F. M (2002). Twentieth-century Britain: a reference book. London: Peter Lang Publishing Inc. p136. [5] Disney, R. (2010). The option to purchase open lodging in Britain: A government assistance investigation. Organization of Fiscal Studies. 05 (1), p3. [6] Murie, A (2006). Option to Buy. London: Wiley-Blackwell. p112. [7] Ibid. [8] Beckett, A. (2015). The option to purchase: the lodging emergency that Thatcher constructed. Accessible: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/aug/26/option to-purchase margaret-thatcher-david-cameron-lodging emergency. Last got to third March 2017. [9] Davies, A. R. (2013). Option to Buy: The Development of a Conservative Housing Policy, 1945 1980. Contemporary British History. 27 (4), p3. [10] Beckett, A. (2015). The option to purchase: the lodging emergency that Thatcher manufactured. Accessible: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/aug/26/option to-purchase margaret-thatcher-david-cameron-lodging emergency. Last got to third March 2017. [11] Murie, A (2016). The Right to Buy?: Selling off Public and Social Housing. London: Policy Press. p75. [12] Holmes, M (1989). Thatcherism: Scope and Limits, 1983-87. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p226.

Personal Philosophy of Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individual Philosophy of Nursing - Research Paper Example My comprehension of nursing as a calling is educated by my nursing information, experience, and bits of knowledge from cooperating with different experts and partners in the calling. As indicated by me, nursing is a respectable calling, which ought to convey quality open help in a moral system with an all encompassing comprehension of people as far as their enthusiastic, physical and social angles. Nursing ought to be all encompassing in nature, receptive to understanding needs, and regarding estimations of patients. Medical caretakers should, hence, endeavor to offer quality support and make a good situation for patients to mend. Medical caretakers ought to likewise show a more noteworthy comprehension of individuals, want to learn and procure new abilities and information, investigate aptitudes, and incredible expert gauges (Fulton, Lyon, and Goudreau, 2010). With the goal for medical attendants to be effective, they ought to engage between proficient associations with different ex perts in the wellbeing part so as to advance qualities, for example, information sharing and improving the nature of administration given to patients (Meleis, 2011). As an expert attendant, I will be focused on a deep rooted procedure of learning, through both formal and casual instruction just as gaining from hands-on-involvement with request to improve my aptitudes and knowledge.The most significant component of nursing, as I would like to think, is the capacity to spare lives through contribution quality patient consideration, guidance, and a great domain for patients to conquer their wellbeing challenges.

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Promoting Research - Essay Example One of the essential objectives of showcasing research is recognizing and evaluating how the fluctuating components of the promoting blend sway on client conduct. Promoting research falls into two classifications relying upon target showcase: shopper advertising exploration and business-to-business showcasing research. Conversation The advertising research process covers a series of stages, for example, assortment, association, and translation of information. The planning of an examination plan is a multifaceted undertaking as it includes choices, for example, the information sources to utilize, ways to deal with take, how to limit contortions to the information gathered, the exploration instruments to utilize, the design of the testing plan, strategy, and adherence to look into morals. An advertising research arranging process consolidates a progression of interconnected stages and each stage affects the stage going before or ensuing to it. Phases of a Marketing Research Plan Stage 1: Defining Research Problem The principal stage in an advertising research plan includes distinguishing proof of the issue or showcasing issue (need). This stage comes after survey of the business circumstance (Wild and Diggines 50). The beginning period of the examination plan highlight the explanation or the exploration issue. When characterizing the issue, the scientist should build a suitable promoting research plan. The issue ought not be excessively limited yet should grasp the appropriate issues that the exploration looks to catch. It is basic to acquire cognizant understanding into the nature, degree, and force of the issue preceding the plan of the issue. The expressed issue ought to mirror the organization’s assets and ought to be communicated in a way that clearly recognizes the looked for circumstance (Housden 71). The issue for this situation includes situating of the new telephone in the market. Sketching out the Research Objective The analyst ought to legitimi ze the requirement for look into just as characterizing the goal of the exploration (Prasuraman and Krishnan 26). Laying out the examination objective is essential and the analyst needs to assess what the person looks to discover and why. What's more, the specialist ought to distinguish the information required just as the information sources. This involves investigating the exploration reason and featuring the information required to finish the reason (Prasuraman, Grewal, and Krishnan 33). Research target involves objectives to be accomplished by directing exploration. One of the goals might be investigating some new item in the market. Various research targets lead to differing research plans (Wild and Diggine 51). Stage 2: Planning Research Design The subsequent stage includes deciding the exploration configuration to be utilized. Selecting from the proper approach is urgent to the general achievement of the advertising research. The examination strategy to be embraced relies upo n the exploration theory that has been utilized. The structuring of the examination instrument is likewise urgent (Zikmund and Babin 51). Stage3: Planning Sample The third phase of an examination plan fuses characterizing the example. The ID of the example joins determining who or which units should benefit the information required (Prasuraman and Krishnan 37). This stage lays the ground for planning of the example. The stage includes initiating a critical thinking system and investigative models guided by the characterized crowd. The

Managers responsibility Essay

The troughs most essential obligation is to center individuals toward execution of work exercises to accomplish wanted results. A chief is somebody who works with and through others by co-ordinating their work exercises to achieve authoritative objectives. (Robbins, Stagg, Coulter, 2003, p.10) This definition expresses, the major duty of a chief, is to achieve the associations targets by ‘getting things done through people’. There are anyway a few different ways of imagining administrative obligations, as a ‘manager’ can be seen from a wide range of positions. Kontz (1999:179) contend that administration is the way toward defining and accomplishing objectives through the execution of four essential administration works that use an organisation’s assets. These capacities are arranging, sorting out, coordinating, and controlling. Goshal and Bartel (1995:89) anyway contends that the duty of director can't be obviously characterized as arranging, sorting out controlling and so on, and are better depicted by taking a gander at the supervisors obligation in their workplace. As indicated by Goshal and Bartel (1999:183), the duty of supervisors fluctuates as indicated by their degree of status inside the association and the aptitudes required in performing administrative obligations change as needs be. I will talk about that administrative work can be characterized into both authoritative levels, essential aptitudes and the four administration works that lead to the major duty of a chief, †to successfully achieve hierarchical objectives by centering individuals toward execution of work exercises. cofa far sefafaw orfa Wood (1998:402) contend that the most significant resource in viably accomplishing wanted oraganisational results is individuals. It is contended that individuals are adaptable, flexible, shrewd, sturdy and acknowledge in an incentive to the association through learning encounters. As per Wood, (1998: 397) the most ideal way individuals can be utilized in an association, is through the dynamic procedure legitimately identified with the executives capacities, †arranging, sorting out, coordinating and controlling. It is a supervisors resposibility to comprehend the huge impact each sub-ordinates duty needs to theseâ functions, and effectively complete the elements of the board such that best accomplishes this. Arranging includes characterizing authoritative objectives and proposing approaches to contact them. Directors set up a general heading for the associations future, distinguish and submit the assets required, and center individuals towards their working activies to arrive at authoritative targets. After chiefs have arranged plans, they should make an interpretation of these theoretical thoughts into the real world. Getting sorted out is the way toward making a structure of connections that will empower workers to complete management’s plans and meet hierarchical objectives. By sorting out successfully, chiefs can more readily facilitate human, material, and data assets. The director needs to ensure each sub-ordinate knows their individual objective and how they will accomplish it. A fruitful arrangement may possibly be reached if the executives can use the associations assets productively and adequately. Foucault After administration has made arrangements, made a structure, and recruited the correct faculty, somebody should coordinate the association. Guiding includes conveying and propelling others to play out the assignments important to accomplish the organization’s objectives. Interraction between the administrator and sub-ordinate is the key for making an engaged workplace, and is basic in accomplishing an ideal result. Coordinating gives administration that from a director/representative working relationship point of view is the raising of a workers execution to a better quality, †past its ordinary confinements. The procedure of administrative initiative can be thought of as affecting others to coordinate their endeavors toward the quest for explicit objectives. Knouse, Stephen, and Giacalone, (1992:375) back up this announcement by guaranteeing that directors who lead viably build up three initiaitves from representatives that is vital in improving their work exercises and dynamic capacities. At first they gain the trust of sub-ordinates, †permitting individuals more opportunity to follow up on intuition and decide. Second, pioneers must explain the bearing wherein individuals ought to be gone to fulfill authoritative results, through clear, reliable correspondence. This viably assists workers with feeling certain about their choice makingâ abilities. At last it expresses that successful pioneers urge others to face challenges, further empowering people groups capacity to think, make and decide. Control is checking the activities of the organisation’s subordinates as per the plans, directions, and the set up measures of execution. A supervisor should endeavor to forestall issues, or to attempt to decide and comprehend them as quickly as time permits, on the off chance that they happen to happen. Through consistent control of centering individuals towards work exercises, the director keeps the association working effectively.cofe fe As it tends to be seen, supervisors are required to have the option to design, arrange, direct, and control. Goshal and Bartel (1995: 91) contend anyway that deviding a supervisors duty into clean, discrete capacities, for example, arranging and getting sorted out isn't important in todays working condition. It is contended that administration is ‘messy and continuous’, especially arranging which is considered as a progressing procedure, as opposed to a different limited movement. As per Goshal and Bartel, the nature of manegerial work is better ordered as far as organisationl levels and fundamental abilities. Robert L Katz recognized three kinds of abilities, †specialized, human and reasonable which he composes are required for all degrees of the executives. Robbins, Stagg, Coulter, 2003, p.13-14) Technical abilities are those expected to play out the work in a specific zone. These aptitudes include the information and capacity to apply strategies, techniques, techniques, and apparatuses in a particular field. Relational aptitudes, incorporate the capacity to work with, get, lead, and propel others, and powerful chiefs require relational abilities to get ‘the best out of their people’. Reasonable aptitudes incorporate the capacity to plan, facilitate, and coordinate the entirety of the organization’s interests and exercises. Likewise included is the capacity to see how an adjustment in a given piece of the association or its condition, can emphatically or contrarily influence the focal point of representatives in their work exercises which interrelates with the association wanted results. Katz found the overall significance of these aptitudes changed by the supervisors level inside the association. Associations can be seen as having three essential degrees of the board with operational workers not requiring any manegerial obligations. The manegerial occupations at the main level are known as first level administration and are accused of regulating usable workers. Specialized abilities are significant at such lower hierarchical levels in which the chief has to know the mechanics of how the work is finished. Ghoshal, and Bartlett (1995:92) contend that first line directors (first level administrators) are capable and responsible for coordinating the workforce and for meeting creation and administration scheduals and quality guidelines. The responsibilty of first line chiefs to guarantee representatives are centered around work exercises is therfor urgent in accomplishing an ideal result. Center supervisors are generally liable for the presentation of a specific authoritative unit and direct the exercises of different administrators and once in a while those of usable representatives. They actualize vital plans set fourth by top chiefs by building up divisional targets and operational destinations that will control unit perormance to accomplishing wanted results. Specialized and theoretical abilities are required for viable center administration, however similar to the job of first level administration with usable representatives, their fundamental responsibilty is to guarantee these first level supervisors and to a lesser degree, operational workers know about what is required in accomplishing set destinations. Top chiefs have the broadest duties and have the power to create plans that shape the general course of the association. Ghoshal and Bartlett (1995:93) contend that the hour of a top supervisor is ordinarily given to human relations and applied undertakings. From a study of some of America’s best partnerships Goshal and Bartell (1995:93) found that driving officials of these organizations invested around 85% of their energy interracting with individuals on the telephone or in gatherings. It is likewise contended that of this 85% an enormous extent of time is spent refreshing and guaranteeing center chiefs are educated and centered around the work exercises required to guarantee the destinations of the association are accomplished. All in all, supervisors are significant in an organized association. Allâ organisations work in complex social workplace conditions where chiefs should be created in their relational or relationship building abilities on the off chance that they will be compelling. Specialized and calculated aptitudes differ in significance as indicated by their administrative heirachy, anyway the one expertise that remaining parts steady at all levels is relational. Goshal and Bartell (1995:93) contend that dynamic associations just search for individuals who have a unique predefined set of capabilities identifying with disposition, character and conduct for employement in the board administration positions. These abilities ensure that figuring business strategees and authoritative objectives will be met through the ‘coaching’ and interraction of directors and workers. Supervisors have the obligation of arranging, sorting out, coordinating and controlling the associations acti

Burlington

Burlington Burlington. 1 City (1990 pop. 27,208), seat of Des Moines co., SE Iowa, on four hills overlooking the Mississippi (spanned there by rail and highway bridges); inc. 1836. It is a farm, shipping, and manufacturing center with railroad shops and docks. The site was selected for a fort in 1805. A Native American village, Sho-quo-quon ( Flint Hills ) was there. European settlement began in 1833. Burlington was the temporary capital of Wisconsin Territory (1837) and of Iowa Territory (1838â€"40). One of the oldest newspapers in the state, the Burlington Hawk-Eye, is still published. The city has several parks along the Mississippi. 2 Town (1990 pop. 23,302), Middlesex co., E Mass., a residential suburb of Boston; settled 1641, inc. 1799. Manufactures include electronic components, precision instruments, and computer and communications software. Its pre-Revolutionary meetinghouse, remodeled, still stands. 3 City (1990 pop. 9,835), Burlington co., W N.J., on the Delaware (bridge d there to Bristol, Pa.) between Trenton and Camden, in a rich farm area; settled 1677 by Friends, inc. 1733. A shipping point for farm and dairy products, the city also manufactures metals, textiles, and clothing. Burlington grew mainly as a port. It was also on a Philadelphiaâ€"New York coach line, and railroad tracks were laid down Broad St. in 1834. The first colonial money was printed there in 1726, by Benjamin Franklin; the first newspaper in New Jersey in 1777. St. Mary's Church (built 1703) and the Friends' school (1792) still stand. The birthplaces of James Fenimore Cooper and of James Lawrence are preserved. 4 City (1990 pop. 39,498), Alamance co., N N.C., on the Haw River; settled c.1700, inc. 1866. Its plants manufacture plastics and paper, apparel, textiles, machinery, and computer equipment. In May, 1771, 2,000 colonial Regulators clashed with British troops c.5 mi (8 km) south of Burlington; the site is in Alamance Battleground State Park. A notable wildlife museum is in the city. 5 City (1990 pop. 39,127), seat of Chittenden co., NW Vt., on Lake Champlain; settled 1773, inc. 1865. The largest city in the state, it is a port and industrial and tourist center. Electronic and computer parts, furniture, machinery, and processed food are among its manufactures. Battery Park was the scene of an abortive British naval attack (Aug. 3, 1813) during the War of 1812. The city is the seat of the Univ. of Vermont and Champlain College; an aquarium and science center is there. A combination of college town and mill town, Burlington had socialist administrations in the 1980s and 90s and acquired a reputation for innovative urban policies. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Burlington

Burlington Burlington. 1 City (1990 pop. 27,208), seat of Des Moines co., SE Iowa, on four hills overlooking the Mississippi (spanned there by rail and highway bridges); inc. 1836. It is a farm, shipping, and manufacturing center with railroad shops and docks. The site was selected for a fort in 1805. A Native American village, Sho-quo-quon ( Flint Hills ) was there. European settlement began in 1833. Burlington was the temporary capital of Wisconsin Territory (1837) and of Iowa Territory (1838â€"40). One of the oldest newspapers in the state, the Burlington Hawk-Eye, is still published. The city has several parks along the Mississippi. 2 Town (1990 pop. 23,302), Middlesex co., E Mass., a residential suburb of Boston; settled 1641, inc. 1799. Manufactures include electronic components, precision instruments, and computer and communications software. Its pre-Revolutionary meetinghouse, remodeled, still stands. 3 City (1990 pop. 9,835), Burlington co., W N.J., on the Delaware (bridge d there to Bristol, Pa.) between Trenton and Camden, in a rich farm area; settled 1677 by Friends, inc. 1733. A shipping point for farm and dairy products, the city also manufactures metals, textiles, and clothing. Burlington grew mainly as a port. It was also on a Philadelphiaâ€"New York coach line, and railroad tracks were laid down Broad St. in 1834. The first colonial money was printed there in 1726, by Benjamin Franklin; the first newspaper in New Jersey in 1777. St. Mary's Church (built 1703) and the Friends' school (1792) still stand. The birthplaces of James Fenimore Cooper and of James Lawrence are preserved. 4 City (1990 pop. 39,498), Alamance co., N N.C., on the Haw River; settled c.1700, inc. 1866. Its plants manufacture plastics and paper, apparel, textiles, machinery, and computer equipment. In May, 1771, 2,000 colonial Regulators clashed with British troops c.5 mi (8 km) south of Burlington; the site is in Alamance Battleground State Park. A notable wildlife museum is in the city. 5 City (1990 pop. 39,127), seat of Chittenden co., NW Vt., on Lake Champlain; settled 1773, inc. 1865. The largest city in the state, it is a port and industrial and tourist center. Electronic and computer parts, furniture, machinery, and processed food are among its manufactures. Battery Park was the scene of an abortive British naval attack (Aug. 3, 1813) during the War of 1812. The city is the seat of the Univ. of Vermont and Champlain College; an aquarium and science center is there. A combination of college town and mill town, Burlington had socialist administrations in the 1980s and 90s and acquired a reputation for innovative urban policies. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Teenage Smoking Essay - 275 Words

Question Answer: Teenage Smoking (Essay Sample) Content: PLEASE TYPE YOUR ANSWERSNAME _____________________________Read the article "HYPERLINK "http://libproxy.noctrl.edu/login?url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/122325252/PDFSTART"
Does watching smoking in movies promote teenage smoking?" and answer the following questions.What questions/hypotheses did the researchers want to answer? The researchers wanted to answer the following questions: Whether watching smoking in movies lead to increased prevalence of smoking in adolescents?Whether moderation effects like low exposure to parental smoking predisposes an adolescent to smoking by watching movies?Whether moderation factors like race, influence the predisposition of adolescent to smoking by watching movies?What are the mediator variables that predispose adolescents to smoking by watching movies? The answers framed by the authors were based on the null and alternate hypothesis. The null hypothesis will contend that prevalence of smoking in adolescent s was not influenced by watching smoking in movies and neither did moderation factors or mediation factors predispose them to smoking. On the other hand, the alternate hypothesis will contend that prevalence of smoking in adolescents was significantly influenced by watching smoking in movies and moderation factors or mediation factors do predispose them to smoking. Using CHAPTER 13 (pg.s 416-450) of Steinberg, L. Adolescence. 10th edition. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN: 9780073532110 what theory might they be using to make their argument?The theory that the authors of this article used to make their argument was based on the Problem Behavior Theory or the Social Control Theory as stated by Steinberg. The theory postulates that there is a co-occurrence of externalizing problems (watching movies involving smoking or observing peers to smoke) and substance abuse (cigarette smoking) and this is potentiated due to lack of ties to social institutions. The net effect is that involvement in o ne problem behavior leads to involvement in another problem behavior. The Social Control Theory further elucidates that individuals who do not have strong attachment to societal institutions like the family, school or workplace may exhibit unconventional behavior. The theory postulates that such problem behavior does not stem up from within (for example, biological predisposition to risky behavior), but occurs due an underlying weakness in an individuals attachment to society. Hence the social control theory could explain, why unconventional behaviors (for example, predisposition to smoking) appear more in children with low socio-economic background and lesser parental care.Consider the research described in the section labeled "Exposure to Smoking in Movies" (p. 63-64). What kind of research was conducted: Descriptive, correlational, or experimental? Describe some of the main research findings in this section as they relate to the research hypothesis. The research carried out was d escriptive as the authors applied techniques from the marketing and advertising field and content analysis to come to conclusion regarding the prevalence of movie(where cigarette smoking is present) watching by children. The major research findings of this section were:Around 70% of movies made in the US involve cigarette smoking.The percentages of adults who smoke in movies are around 20-25%.In the movies smoking is rarely associated with negative health outcomes that might motivate smoking in viewers. Smokers in movies tend to be projected as more affluent than typical US smokers. It was estimated that 500 movies delivered nearly 14 billion smoking impressions in U.S. children aged 10-14 years.4. Consider the research described in the section labeled "Movie Viewing and Adolescent Smoking" (p. 64-65). What kind of research was conducted: Descriptive, correlational, or experimental? Describe some of the main research findings in this section as they relate to the research hypothesis . The research that was conducted was an experimental study. The reason is, the authors after standardizing for race, peer influence and parental smoking habits could establish that watching movies definitely predispose U.S. children in the age group of 10-14 years to initiate smoking. The study was an experimental design because it had stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria for the subjects to be surveyed. The experimental design was so established to study the effect of one independent variable (watching movies involving smoking) on the dependant variable (incidence of smoking in an adolescent). Further the section indicated that the threshold for smoking was lowered by watching movies that involved cigarette smoking.5. Review the section Moderation Effects. What are the 3 moderator variables that are identified in this section...

Juvenile And Juvenile Justice System - 752 Words

The juvenile justice system and criminal justice system also known as the adult justice system is two different systems. The juvenile justice system is children who are under the age of 18 years old. After the age of 18, it is considered to be an adult it will enter through the adult justice system. There ate states that allows youth to stay in the juvenile justice system from age 18 until 21. The main differences between the juvenile justice system and criminal justice system is rehabilitation and parole. The juvenile justice system main focus is rehabilitation than adult justice system. The juvenile court judges look for the best option that will protect the community and treatment that youth needs. The juvenile court hearings are†¦show more content†¦The parole consist of monitoring the children’s behavior and actions he or she does. Another hand, when a adult is being monitor is to focus on they behavior so it will not lead to re - incarceration. The main focus fo r adult criminals is to not re - offend again during the present or future. There is more chance that adults will re- offend again after they are released from prison. My opinion, adults who have been charged for sexual harassment are more likely to re - offend because of the desire of pressure, mental ill, and power. There are differences between the juvenile and adult justice system that have to do in the criminal justice. One differences is that juveniles are prosecute to delinquent acts, but it can be tried to the adult system. The second differences is juveniles does not have the right to a public trial by jury. If juvenile is charged for a crime he or she committed the case involves a judge hearing evidence and ruling whether is a big issue or small. The third differences is the adult justice system focus more on punishing and for juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate. the fourth differences is adults are found guilty of a crime they committed and court try to find the best punishment, but the court tries to impose a penalty so the individual to re- offend in the future. Some similarities between the juvenile and adult justice system that has in common between the two systems. The firstShow MoreRelatedThe Juvenile Justice System And Juveniles1663 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal justice system and juveniles, there have been many landmark cases that have made a significant impact on the juvenile justice system. The cases arise from dealing with certain aspects that comes from handling juveniles entering the system. Since juveniles are very different from adults they have to deal with them a certain way and a case by case basis. The court cases concerning juveniles and the decisions that have come from them is what has made what the juvenile justice system is todayRead MoreJuveniles And The Juvenile Justice System1559 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles committing crimes is not a new issued being introduced to society; actually, it has been an issue for c enturies. However, the big question is, should juveniles be tried in adult courts? Before answering, take into consideration every possible scenario that could have led them to commit the crime. For instance, were they the leader in the act? Did they participate in the crime? Was the juvenile even aware of what was taking place? Were they peer pressured? Did they have any other choiceRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles1397 Words   |  6 Pageswere treated the same as adult criminals. If you are a young person under the age of 18 and you commit a crime, you will have your case heard in the juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn’t always gone that way. The idea of a separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone, Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, first publishedRead MoreJuve nile Justice And The Juvenile System4789 Words   |  20 PagesJuvenile Justice Consultant When thinking of reforming the juvenile justice system one has to think; what can we do to make this better for everyone involve? There are some programs that can be implemented when trying to make a change in the juvenile system. The main thing is getting parents or the guardian more involved in the child’s whereabouts. Secondly the community where the youth will have a place to go and have something more constructive to do to keep them out of trouble. Law enforcementRead MoreJuvenile Crime And The Juvenile Justice System1278 Words   |  6 PagesBryn Conley November 7, 2014 Juvenile Crime and the Juvenile Justice System in North Carolina: Informative Speech Specific Purpose Statement To inform my audience about the seriousness of juvenile crime and the problems that North Carolina faces when dealing with underage offenders. Introduction I. According to the Annual Summary Report done by the North Carolina Department of Justice and the State Bureau of Investigation, in 2012, approximately 36,000 juveniles were arrested in the state of NorthRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Juvenile Justice System950 Words   |  4 Pages Since 1899 when the juvenile justice system was first created it has undergone quite a series of changes relative to how they go about the overall handling of juvenile offenders in the criminal justice system. In most states the only way for juveniles to be tried as adults is if they are over the age of 16 or if they have committed a violent crime such as rape or assault but recently many juveniles are being tried as adults for even far lesser crimes. It also has been well documented for a numberRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Juvenile Offenders941 Words   |  4 Pagesways in which the juvenile justice system responds to female offenders. Historically juvenile female offenders have been treated under status offense jurisdiction (Zahn et al., 2010, p. 10). United States Courts would exercise the principle of â€Å"parens patriae† to place the female in detention as a form of punishment for misbehavior (Sherman, 2012, pp. 1589-1590). This principle also remains prevalent as it pertains to how the juvenile justice system currently responds to juvenile female offendersRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System1313 Words   |  6 Pages Today s concept of the juvenile justice system is relatively new due to significant modifications in policy overtime. The justice system has been trying to figure out effective ways to treat juvenile criminal offenders successfully for years. The justice system did not always have a special category for juveniles and their crime. Juveniles was once treated as adults when they committed crimes and were subjected to harsh punishments. The juvenile court was the culmination of efforts of the positivistRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System788 Words   |  3 Pages The juvenile justice system was founded with the goal to serve the best interests of the child, with an understanding that youth possessed different needs than adults. Over the course of our semester we have come across various research studies that proves that the adult system is not well equipped to house and rehabilitate the delinquents. These studies have shown that more juveniles that are transferred to the criminal justice system ends up back in the system, which means the recidivism rate

Pronunciation and Conversation

The Lindisfarne Gospels An Insular Identity - 1748 Words

Langara College The Lindisfarne Gospels; An Insular Identity Connor Budd Western Art: Prehistory to Renaissance (AHIS 1114) Denise Panchysyn November 17th, 2016 Beginning with the conversion of the Irish Celts around the fifth century, Christianity began to spread across the British Isles. Around 630, an envoy of monks was sent from a monastery on the Scottish Isle of Iona to a small Northumbrian island (only about 4 square kilometers at high tide) situated in the North Sea of the Atlantic. An Irish monk, Saint Aidan, established a monastery on that small spit of land that would come to be called Lindisfarne, or simply Holy Island. Together with the monastery at Iona, Lindisfarne became an integral part of artistic creation in early medieval northern Europe (Kleiner 288), and from it’s workshop would emerge a new style of artwork that wove elements of pre-existing artistic styles of the British Isles, such as those of the Celts and the Anglo-Saxons, with unfamiliar Christian imagery imported from Near East to create the Hiberno-Saxon, or Insular style. This style would be employed by the monks at Lindisfarne to create one of the m ost splendid texts of early medieval Brittania, the eponymous Lindisfarne Gospels. A wondrous illuminated manuscript worthy of its acclaim, these Gospels are a quintessential example of Hiberno-Saxon style, and they expertly demonstrate the dedication and craftsmanship invested by the monks of Lindisfarne as they melded paganShow MoreRelatedThe Conversion Of The Irish Celts1542 Words   |  7 Pages Langara College The Lindisfarne Gospels; XXXXXXXXXXXXX Connor Budd Western Art: Prehistory to Renaissance (AHIS 1114) Denise Panchysyn November 17th, 2016 Beginning with the conversion of the Irish Celts around the fifth century, Christianity began to spread across the British Isles. Around 630, an envoy of monks was sent from a monastery on the Scottish Isle of Iona to a small Northumbrian island (only about 4 square kilometers at high tide) situated in the

A Practical Solution For A Growing Crisis - 976 Words

Vaping: A Practical Solution to a Growing Crisis? Vaping is probably one of the fastest growing trends/smoking alternatives in society today. Utilizing what is known as an electronic cigarette the user vaporizes by means of applying heat to a nicotine containing solution known as E-liquid. This creates a vapor that is then inhaled by the user thus administering nicotine into the lungs to be absorbed by the blood. This system avoids the combustion related to smoking tobacco products and in theory is much safer and better for your health. Considering that smoking causes the premature death of 440,000 people each year and costs the United States approximately one hundred fifty seven billion dollars in annual health-related losses according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We need to seriously consider this as a viable option to save lives and help our economy. Introduced in 2007 to the United States market electronic cigarettes have become a popular source of nicotine for many addicted individuals (Barrios, Orellana, Payne D, Mulkey K, and Nugent K). These devices primarily consist of a power source (typically one or two batteries), a coil (a piece of wire wrapped a number of times around a cylindrical object), a piece of wicking material (usually cotton or piece of silica to deliver juice to the coils), a mouthpiece (for delivery of the vapor to the lung), a body (usually metal or wood to house the components), and a button (to activate the device).Show MoreRelatedOverpopulation Crisis1246 Words   |  5 Pagesoverpopulation crisis, however, with changes these factors could also be part of the solution. A few of these factors are discussed in an interview with Melanie Asriel, the Psychological Sciences Instructor at WKU of Glasgow, Kentucky. According to Melanie Asriel, â€Å"The lack of family planning and contraceptive use has contributed to this problem†¦contraception, education, and the including of available abortion†¦all kind s of education, such as, sex education, contraceptive education†¦ would be my solution toRead MoreThe Problem Of The Overpopulation Problem1122 Words   |  5 PagesPerhaps one solution for the overpopulation problem is to provide all children, who have reached puberty with Reproductive Education License of Four (REL4). REL4 is a two-step solution program that will provide education and contraception, which will decrease the population growth. Jennifer Weeks (2015) article, â€Å"Global Population Growth,† discusses the number of women without access to birth control. Research conducted by a nonprofit organization showed nearly 225 million women globally, includingRead MoreSoybean Hydroponics in the Arctic Tundra1219 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Soybean Hydroponics in the Arctic Tundra Abstract: Soybeans will be grown hydroponically in the arctic tundra. Greenhouses will be used to extend the possible growing season. Soybeans can serve two good purposes. They can be used as food or as a way to make biofuel. This is great for the arctic environment where it is difficult to get supplies such as food and gasoline. With a steady supply of food and fuel more research can be done in this harsh environment. TheRead MoreThe Impact Of Terrorism On International Business1268 Words   |  6 PagesOur paper explores the interesting phenomena of terrorism on international business. Grounded in the grave reality of terrorism and the international business literature, our research conceptualizes this compelling topic into a practical model worthy of future research. Unfortunately, the current data does not provide statistical evidence to support the unique firm level predictions from the conceptual model. However, our exploratory research leads us to believe that the lack of sen sitivity in ourRead MoreThe Problems Of The World s Population1606 Words   |  7 Pagesalso been responsible for the innovative solutions we’ve created to solve it. For example, genetic engineering has been used as a tool to produce strains that require less nutrients, water and pesticides to grow. These strains also produce bigger yields on less land, and contain a higher nutrient density themselves. In addition, advanced growing techniques like vertical farming in controlled environments can create more food safety and security for growing metropolitan populations. In other wordsRead MoreTo What Extent Can the Problems of Urbanization be Met by a Policy of Sustainable Development1331 Words   |  6 Pagesformulating a more efficient transport pattern, there are some specific strategies. Firstly, government can encourage people to pay more attention to public transit. The actual data about transit use from most cities indicates that transit use is growing in many cities , in addition, some developed cities have been reducing their car use and pay more attention to the public transport (Newman, 1999). Encouraging urban citizens use more public transit is effective in reducing the quantity of privateRead MoreEssay on Hydrogen Fusion is the Future Source of Energy1692 Words   |  7 PagesHydrogen Fusion, the Future Source of Energy Abstract The world is currently in an energy crisis with no end in sight. Many technologies can help reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and have the possibility of ending the energy crisis. Hydrogen fusion holds great promise with its no pollution energy output. If more energy can be created than is used to start the fusion process, the energy crisis might become a thing of the past. Over half of the energy used now comes from fossil fuels,Read MoreThe Consequences Of Monetary Policy969 Words   |  4 Pagesavailable huge amounts of money available in form of loans; banks were responsible for creating large debts in form of loan interests. People who had borrowed were eventually unable to pay. The creation of private credit and money led to a financial crisis, threatening to make banks bankrupt. The same banks now became weary of lending anymore. Lehman Brothers collapsed in September of 2008. It was a global bank of repute and its fall-down almost brought down the world’s monetary structure. A decadeRead MoreEnvironmental Impact On The Environmental Crisis1675 Words   |  7 Pages1.1.3 Ecological Design: The evident response to the environmental crisis One natural response to the current crisis and the shift in designers’ discourse has been the engagement in Ecological Design, or Eco-design, described by Orr (2002) as a large concept that joins science and the practical arts with ethics, politics, and economics that, requires â€Å"not just a set of generic design skills but rather the collective intelligence of a community of people applied to particular problems in a particularRead MoreWater Is A Long Period Of Abnormal Low Rainfall916 Words   |  4 Pagesthese vegetable and fruit are very highly consume water. â€Å"Drought† is a long period of abnormal low rainfall, especially one that adversely affects growing or living conditions†. In a simple explanation, that drought is an absence of water in a very long period of time in place that are consider to be very abnormal from its usual situation. The water crisis continues primarily because human do not recognize the important of water recycle. American haven’t undergoing hardship that people around the world

Whispered Why Mundane Topics Work as an Essay Secrets

Whispered Why Mundane Topics Work as an Essay Secrets Want to Know More About Why Mundane Topics Work as an Essay? Folks that are unemployed interact mostly with their loved ones and pre-existing friends, which could occasionally be boring. People today work because they require money to call home. You will learn in order to be intriguing individual. Allow it to sit for a couple days untouched. Each group is liable for using the handout to rate the essay and choose whether to admit this student. In this instance, you're attempting to make yourself memorable to an admissions officer that has been reading thousands of different essays. The essay is where to allow the admissions office of your intended college get to understand your personality, character, and the talents and abilities that aren't on your transcript. I'll also describe how to recognize bad college essays and what things to do to if you wind up creating one by accident. You'll observe a similar structure in several of the essays. To put it differently, the essay should say how you intend to get ready for class. Similarly, these essays can occasionally ramble. These seven sample essays respond to a wide range of thought-provoking questions. Unfortunately, stumbling in the TMI zone of essay topics is more prevalent than you believe. Still, there are several social work essay topics students may write about. You're not alone if you have difficulty selecting college essay topics! Replace a number of the cliched language. It is irrelevant if you teach English online or whether you're a classroom teacher, we wish to understand about your teaching styles. To begin with, you get to acquire a great grade and an abundance of knowledge at school. They can grant you the essay you require, when you want that, which means that your grades keep you and your parents satisfied. You're able to write a very simple essay on the proper age to vote or suitable age to be in a position to purchase alcohol. It is possible to also cite the job on specific individuals or philanthropists, that are working with unique methods than the ones that you proposed. For instance, the body may consist of descriptions, explanations or private stories. If somebody doesn't develop such a quality, it is going to be rather hard for her or for him to communicate with different individuals. The main reason for the start of the feminist movement. It's crucial demonstrate your capacity to be an in depth observer of the Earth, since that will be one of your chief jobs as a college student. Secondly, jobs give us the chance to meet new people on a standard basis, which can provide us with an awareness of happiness. Also, bear in mind that no college is eager to admit a person who is too close-minded to gain from being taught by other people. As most social work students have already volunteered at some point or another, you may use your experience for a way to establish why you could be fit to deal with the issue and the way you're able to implement your plan. That supercharges our work with a number of importance and meaning. It is possible to also examine big reasons for misunderstanding between kids and parents. Again, all the aforementioned topics could be achieved in a masterful way and wind up an attractive essay, but dependent on our experience, the probability of this occurring is less than strong. You will learn how to speak on various topics with distinct folks, and in various manners.

Critical Essay on the Cries free essay sample

Four different sources, places and dates have been chosen from namely: The Cry of Pugad Lawin by Pio Valenzuela on August 23 and 26; The Cry of Bahay Toro by Santiago Alvarez on August 24; The Cry of Kalookan by Gregoria de Jesus on August 23; The Cry of Balintawak by Captain Oglegario Diaz on August 25; The Cry of Balintawak by Guilliermo masangkay on August 26; and lastly, The Cry of Balintawak by Vicente Samson on August 26; while Pasong Tamo was not mentioned again throughout the chapter. The only detail that they all agree about is the year 1896. All 6 different sources present similar ideas in their stories but different dates and places which caused them to oppose each other. Until the National Historical Institute (NHI) discovered Valenzuela’s Memoirs that is parallel to his first statement on the first ‘cry’ which is The Cry of Pugad Lawin. As NHI considered the information found as precise. Around the year of 1963, Pres. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Essay on the Cries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Diosdado Macapagal agreed with the discovery of NHI and declared it as the official ‘cry’ which launched the 1896 Philippine Revolution. While I-Stories considers Valenzuela’s Pugad Lawin version as the most credible for a reason that his memories about the happening was still fresh when he wrote this. I do not agree with Valenzuela because he was not consistent with his stories despite the memoirs of him that was found. Where in later was found out that the place Pugad Lawin itself could not be proven to exist for no other records during the Spanish colonization speaks of it. Also in agreement with the testimonials and comments of different Philippine History book authors such as Pedro A. Gagelonia of the Far Eastern University who pointed out that â€Å"The Cry of Pugad Lawin cannot be accepted as historically accurate because it lacks positive documentation and supporting evidences from the witness. The testimony of only one eye witness is not enough†¦Ã¢â‚¬  along with the statement of John N. Schrumacher, S. J, of the Ateneo de Manila University which is â€Å"I would certainly give much less credence to all accounts coming from Pio Valezuela, and to the interpretations Agoncillo got from him verbally, since Valenzuela gave so many versions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in addition with a part taken from the textual analysis of Dr. Soledad Borromeo-Buehler of the University of the Philippines which says â€Å"The name Pugad Lawin does not appear in contemporary accounts of the revolution, nor in the censuses of 1903, 1918, municipal records of Calookan, nor on pertinent maps of that town† alongside with analysing the different contemporary records and documents from the Spanish colonization period where in she found that these documents were presented or translated to the public in manners such as â€Å"unquoted, misquoted or misrepresented†. The only way out of this prolonged contention is to consider the idea that the â€Å"cry† could have happened in all of those places on the different dates considering that all of those places are generally in Caloocan. Relatively, since each â€Å"cry† happened on different dates and places with the same Katipunan leaders, it is possible that they conducted each cry at each of the different places around Caloocan. A proof that could support my statement is the discovery that Andres Bonifacio was actually a mestizo who was a resident of Tondo but was not enrolled for the head tax among the naturales in Tondo which means that he did not pay taxes which leads to a conclusion that he could not have had a cedula. Not having a cedula immediately leads to persecution by the Spaniards whereas Bonifacio was able to survive which could mean that he was able to produce a fake one. When a cedula was finally found with his name on it, an investigation proved that it is fake. Align with the preceding stretch, It may be assumed that Bonifacio could have had several or even dozens of fake cedulas that he tore up during those numerous â€Å"cries†. In other words, the seven different views about the â€Å"cries† may all be correct since they are all located along the areas of Caloocan, starting with The Cry of Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896 down to The Cry of Balintawak on August 26, 1896. Or rather, there is no choice but to wait for one of them to be proven certain. References Borromeo-Buehler, S. (1998). The cry of balintawak: A contrived controversy.

Self-discrepancy theory free essay sample

Figures may be missing from this format of the document Abstract: Many self-theories presume that discrepancies between the self and goals for the self influence emotional experience. The present research compared how discrepancies from ideal selves, ought selves, and undesired selves predict negative emotions. In particular, the research tested Ogilvies (1987) claim that the undesired self has stronger effects on well-being relative to ideal and ought selves. A total of 231 participants completed several measures of self-discrepancies and negative emotions. Consistent with Ogilvies hypothesis, discrepancies from the undesired self significantly predicted negative emotions, whereas discrepancies from the ideal and ought selves did not. No type of discrepancy, however, predicted negative affect when global selfesteem was entered as a predictor, indicating a lack of incremental validity for self-discrepancies. Article: Many self-theories presume that discrepancies between the self and goals for the self influence emotional experience. The present research compared how discrepancies from ideal selves, ought selves, and undesired selves predict negative emotions. In particular, the research tested Ogilvies (1987) claim that the undesired self has stronger effects on well-being relative to ideal and ought selves. A total of 231 participants completed several measures of self-discrepancies and negative emotions. Consistent with Ogilvies hypothesis, discrepancies from the undesired self significantly predicted negative emotions, whereas discrepancies from the ideal and ought selves did not. No type of discrepancy, however, predicted negative affect when global selfesteem was entered as a predictor, indicating a lack of incremental validity for self-discrepancies. People distinguish between the self as it is and the self as it could be (Markus Nurius, 1986). Representations of possible states of the self function as goals and standards (Carver Scheier, 1998; Duval Wicklund, 1972), so it is important to understand how these self-states influence self-regulation. Several theories have examined how representations of possible selves differ (Carver, 1996; Higgins, 1987; Ogilvie, 1987) and whether these differences influence emotion and action (Leary, 2003; Ogilvie, 1987; Phillips Silvia, 2005). Self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987) proposes that discrepancies from ideal and ought selves create negative affect. Ogilvie (1987), in contrast, suggests that the undesired self-an avoidance-based self-goal-has a more powerful influence on emotions relative to ideal and ought selves. The present research examines how these three kinds of possible selves-ideal selves, ought selves, and undesired selves-predict emotional experience. Self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987) posits three domains of the self: actual, ideal, and ought. The actual self is the persons representation of who he or she is currently. The ideal self is the representation of who he or she would like to become, such as wishes and aspirations for the self. The ought self is the representation of who a person feels he or she should become, such as duties and obligations for the self. Self-discrepancy theory predicts that discrepancies between the actual and ideal selves cause dejected emotions such as depression and sadness, and that discrepancies between the actual and ought selves cause agitated emotions such as anxiety and tension (Higgins, Klein, Strauman, 1985). Although research has shown that ideal and ought discrepancies predict emotions, it is clear that these effects depend on specific moderating variables (Boldero Francis, 2000; Boldero, Moretti, Bell, Francis, 2005; Higgins, 1999). Two patterns of findings have complicated tests of self-discrepancy theory. First, many studies have found that ideal and ought discrepancies are highly correlated. Phillips and Silvia (2005) found a correlation of . 77 between latent ideal and ought factors. In their latent variable analysis, Gonnerman, Parker, Lavine, and Huff (2000) found that the discrepancy types were too highly correlated to estimate separate ideal and ought factors. Other studies have found correlations around . 70 between ideals and oughts (Ozgul, Heubeck, Ward, Wilkinson, 2003; Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, Barlow, 1998). Based on their multimethod study, Tangney and her colleagues concluded that there was very little unique variance in the quantitative estimates of these concepts (p. 265). Second, many studies have failed to find that ideals and oughts uniquely predict depression and anxiety. In some studies, ideal discrepancies predicted many emotions and ought discrepancies did not. In a structural model of self-processes and emotions (Gramzow, Sedikides, Panter, Insko, 2000), ideal discrepancies predicted both depression and anxiety, but ought discrepancies predicted neither emotion. In a study by Heppen and Ogilvie (2003), ideal discrepancies predicted many positive and negative emotions, but ought discrepancies did not uniquely predict any emotion. Thus, recent research shows that self-discrepancy theorys predictions are most likely to hold in specific situations, such as when self-discrepancies are salient and relevant to the context (see Boldero et al. , 2005; Phillips Silvia, 2005). THE UNDESIRED SELF Ogilvie (1987) proposed an additional self-domain-the undesired self, which appears to play an important role in emotion. The undesired self is a representation of the self at its worst; it thus acts as a central avoidance goal. Ogilvie (1987) predicted that the undesired self should more strongly predict well-being relative to idealized selves.

How to Write a Graph Analysis Sample Essay

How to Write a Graph Analysis Sample EssayThere are a lot of questions that I get from students about how to write a graph analysis sample essay. A graph analysis sample essay is usually a much shorter essay, written by the student, than the one which is due in a college or university. It is very important that when writing a graph analysis essay, the writer clearly lays out the relationship between the factors, their reasons for existing and their consequences.Graph analysis is an analytical study that compares the effectiveness of two variables. As they have different effects on the world economy, the two variables must be analysed separately. The analysis will then provide a clear picture of how these two variables contribute to the economic system.The analytical study can be general or specific to just one region of the world, or one country, or even to a particular industry. Graph analysis is not a science in itself, but a means to analyse data from a single input.The importance of this form of research cannot be stressed enough, especially in times of recession when there are so many people working who are unable to get the salaries and benefits that they are entitled to. Graph analysis can even show the importance of statistics in the financial situation of the country, but most students simply feel it is too complicated to write. Statistics, unlike graphs, have to be written.The basic purpose of a graph analysis sample essay is to help the student avoid some common mistakes when writing a graph. Students must pay careful attention to detail, and the graphs should clearly show the relationships between the two variables.Once the student has a few ideas on what the graphs should look like, he must not just write a few sentences and throw them up on the board, without writing a sample essay. It is absolutely essential that the paper is well thought out and thoroughly researched before a student starts to write the graph analysis. Students who do not write a graph analysis sample essay are unlikely to develop a good graph analysis which is of any value.Graph analysis is one of the most vital parts of student courses in universities, and students who do not understand the significance of graph analysis, or do not know how to write a graph analysis sample essay, are unlikely to have any success in their studies. Graph analysis is a very important part of a student's course, and it is very important that the student understands what it is, how it works, and why it is important.

Recidivism of Juvenile offenders

Facts and History of Turkey

Facts and History of Turkey At the crossroads between Europe and Asia, Turkey is a fascinating country. Dominated by Greeks, Persians, and Romans in turn throughout the classical era, what is now Turkey was once the seat of the Byzantine Empire. In the 11th century, however, Turkish nomads from Central Asia moved into the region, gradually conquering all of Asia Minor. First, the Seljuk and then the Ottoman Turkish Empires came to power, exerting influence over much of the eastern Mediterranean world, and bringing Islam to southeast Europe. After the Ottoman Empire fell in 1918, Turkey transformed itself into the vibrant, modernizing, secular state it is today. Capital and Major Cities Capital: Ankara, population 4.8 million Major Cities: Istanbul, 13.26 million Izmir, 3.9 million Bursa, 2.6 million Adana, 2.1 million Gaziantep, 1.7 million Government of Turkey The Republic of Turkey is a parliamentary democracy. All Turkish citizens over the age of 18 have the right to vote. The head of state is the president, currently Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan. The prime minister is head of government; Binali YÄ ±ldÄ ±rÄ ±mis the current prime minister. Since 2007, presidents of Turkey are directly elected, and the president appoints the prime minister. Turkey has a unicameral (one house) legislature, called the Grand National Assembly or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi, with 550 directly elected members. Parliament members serve four-year terms. The judicial branch of government in Turkey is rather complicated. It includes the Constitutional Court, the Yargitay or High Court of Appeals, the Council of State (Danistay), the Sayistay or Court of Accounts, and military courts. Although the overwhelming majority of Turkish citizens are Muslims, the Turkish state is staunchly secular. The non-religious nature of Turkish government has historically been enforced by the military since the Republic of Turkey was founded as a secular state in 1923 by General Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Turkeys Population As of 2011, Turkey has an estimated 78.8 million citizens. The majority of them are ethnically Turkish - 70 to 75% of the population. Kurds make up the largest minority group at 18%; they are concentrated primarily in the eastern portion of the country and have a long history of pressing for their own separate state. Neighboring Syria and Iraq also have large and restive Kurdish populations - the Kurdish nationalists of all three states have called for the creation of a new nation, Kurdistan, at the intersection of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. Turkey also has smaller numbers of Greeks, Armenians, and other ethnic minorities. Relations with Greece have been uneasy, particularly over the issue of Cyprus, while Turkey and Armenia disagree vehemently over the Armenian Genocide carried out by Ottoman Turkey in 1915. Languages The official language of Turkey is Turkish, which is the most widely-spoken of the languages in the Turkic family, part of the larger Altaic linguistic group. It is related to Central Asian languages such as Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, etc. Turkish was written using the Arabic script until Ataturks reforms; as part of the secularizing process, he had a new alphabet created that uses the Latin letters with a few modifications. For example, a c with a small tail curving beneath it is pronounced like the English ch. Kurdish is the largest minority language in Turkey  and is spoken by about 18% of the population. Kurdish is an Indo-Iranian language, related to Farsi, Baluchi, Tajik, etc. It may be written in the Latin, Arabic or Cyrillic alphabets, depending upon where it is being used. Religion in Turkey: Turkey is approximately 99.8% Muslim. Most Turks and Kurds are Sunni, but there are also important Alevi and Shia groups. Turkish Islam has always been strongly influenced by the mystical and poetic Sufi tradition, and Turkey remains a stronghold of Sufism. It also hosts tiny minorities of Christians and Jews. Geography Turkey has a total area of 783,562 square kilometers (302,535 square miles). It straddles the Sea of Marmara, which divides southeastern Europe from southwestern Asia. Turkeys small European section, called Thrace, borders on Greece and Bulgaria. Its larger Asian portion, Anatolia, borders Syria, Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. The narrow Turkish Straits seaway between the two continents, including the Dardanelles and the Bosporus Strait, is one of the worlds key maritime passages; it is the only access-point between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. This fact gives Turkey enormous geopolitical importance. Anatolia is a fertile plateau in the west, gradually rising to rugged mountains in the east. Turkey is seismically active, prone to large earthquakes, and also has some very unusual landforms such as the cone-shaped hills of Cappadocia. Volcanic Mt. Ararat, near the Turkish border with Iran, is believed to be the landing-place of Noahs Ark. It is Turkeys highest point, at 5,166 meters (16,949 feet). Climate of Turkey Turkeys coasts have a mild Mediterranean climate, with warm, dry summers and rainy winters. The weather becomes more extreme in the eastern, mountainous region. Most regions of Turkey receive an average of 20-25 inches (508-645 mm) of rain per year. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Turkey is 119.8 ° F (48.8 ° C) at Cizre. The coldest temperature ever was -50  °F (-45.6 ° C) at Agri. Turkish Economy: Turkey is among the top twenty economies in the world, with a 2010 estimated GDP of $960.5 billion US and a healthy GDP growth rate of 8.2%. Although agriculture still accounts for 30% of jobs in Turkey, the economy relies on industrial and service sector output for its growth. For centuries a center of carpet-making and other textile trade, and a terminus of the ancient Silk Road, today Turkey manufactures automobiles, electronics and other high-tech goods for export. Turkey has oil and natural gas reserves. It is also a key distribution point for Middle Eastern and Central Asia oil and natural gas moving to Europe and to ports for export overseas. The per capita GDP is $12,300 US. Turkey has an unemployment rate of 12%, and more than 17% of Turkish citizens live below the poverty line. As of January  2012, the exchange rate for Turkeys currency is 1 US dollar 1.837 Turkish lira. History of Turkey Naturally, Anatolia had a history before the Turks, but the region did not become Turkey until the Seljuk Turks moved into the area in the 11th century CE. On August 26, 1071, the Seljuks under Alp Arslan prevailed at the Battle of Manzikert, defeating a coalition of Christian armies led by the Byzantine Empire. This sound defeat of the Byzantines marked the beginning of true Turkish control over Anatolia (that is, the Asian portion of modern-day Turkey). The Seljuks did not hold sway for very long, however. Within 150 years, a new power rose from far to their east  and swept toward Anatolia. Although Genghis Khan himself never got to Turkey, his Mongols did. On the 26th of June, 1243, a Mongol army commanded by Genghiss grandson Hulegu Khan defeated the Seljuks in the Battle of Kosedag  and brought down the Seljuk Empire. Hulegus Ilkhanate, one of the great hordes of the Mongol Empire, ruled over Turkey for about eighty years, before crumbling away around 1335 CE. The Byzantines once more asserted control over parts of Anatolia as the Mongol hold weakened, but small local Turkish principalities began to develop, as well. One of those small principalities in the northwestern part of Anatolia began to expand in the early 14th century. Based in the city of Bursa, the Ottoman beylik would go on to conquer not only Anatolia and Thrace (the European section of modern-day Turkey), but also the Balkans, the Middle East, and eventually parts of North Africa. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire dealt a death-blow to the Byzantine Empire when it captured the capital at Constantinople. The Ottoman Empire reached its apogee in the sixteenth century, under the rule of Suleiman the Magnificent. He conquered much of Hungary in the north, and as far west as Algeria in northern Africa. Suleiman also enforced religious tolerance of Christians and Jews within his empire. During the eighteenth century, the Ottomans began to lose territory around the edges of the empire. With weak sultans on the throne  and corruption in the once-vaunted Janissary corps, Ottoman Turkey became known as the Sick Man of Europe. By 1913, Greece, the Balkans, Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia had all broken away from the Ottoman Empire. When World War I broke out along what had been the boundary between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Turkey made the fatal decision to ally itself with the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary). After the Central Powers lost World War I, the Ottoman empire ceased to exist. All of the non-ethnically Turkish lands became independent, and the victorious Allies planned to carve Anatolia itself into spheres of influence. However, a Turkish general named Mustafa Kemal was able to stoke Turkish nationalism  and expel the foreign occupation forces from Turkey proper. On November 1, 1922, the Ottoman sultanate was formally abolished. Almost a year later, on October 29, 1923, the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed, with its capital at Ankara. Mustafa Kemal became the first president of the new secular republic. In 1945, Turkey became a charter member of the new United Nations. (It had remained neutral in World War II.) That year also marked the end of single-party rule in Turkey, which had lasted for twenty years. Now firmly aligned with the western powers, Turkey joined NATO in 1952, much to the consternation of the USSR. With the republics roots going back to secular military leaders such as Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the Turkish military views itself as the guarantor of secular democracy in Turkey. As such, it has staged coups in 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997. As of this writing, Turkey is generally at peace, although the Kurdish separatist movement (the PKK) in the east has been actively trying to create a self-governing Kurdistan there since 1984.

The Potential Contributions of Human Resource Case Study

The Potential Contributions of Human Resource - Case Study Example British Airways also supports other additional jobs through its supply chain, and all this generates annual revenues of approximately 7.8 billion (Whitelegg 2000, BA 2005). British Airways contributes to economic growth in the UK as it is part of a transport infrastructure on which many other parts of the economy depends on. For example, better transport links between cities have expanded markets, allowing for economies of scale, increased specialisation in areas of competitive advantage and stiffer competitive pressures on companies (OEF 1999, Whitelegg 2000). This also means that British Airways supports foreign direct investment into the United Kingdom and this introduces new technology into the country, as well as improves networking to bring on more innovation (OEF 1999). As with any other industry, the key challenge facing British Airways is future growth and development, especially in light of low-cost airlines and climate change. Despite the impressive record of consistently delivering improvements in energy efficiency, British Airways is once again faced with a multitude of environmental and other factors, which could potentially erode its human resource based, which it has created. In order to understand the potential contributions British Airways makes to the human resource function, it is important to conduct environmental and internal analyses. II. PESTLE Analysis II. i. Political This airline industry is heavily subsidized, however the high cost of labour in the UK has made British Airways look at more cost effective ways of creating jobs, such as automated ticket machines and check-in machines. At the same time the construction of Heathrow Terminal 5 exists to meet the rising demand, which puts pressure on the government in terms of planning, and allocating more runway space in other areas of the country. The conflict in the Middle East has also meant increased fees for flying with British Airways to cover the cost of fuel price increases, which could cost the organization dearly. II. ii. Economic The crisis in the Middle East has resulted in reduced passenger numbers for some routes, and whilst it may not affect all of British Airways routes, a reduction in passenger numbers means significant losses in terms of profit. If passenger growth falls at 3.5% per year instead of the predicted 4%, the UK's GDP would be reduced by 2.5% by 2015 or the equivalent of 30 billion (OEF 1999, BA 2005). In 1997 UK travelers abroad spent 13.4 billion and foreign travelers to the UK spent 9.9 billion (OEF 1999), therefore the importance of the economy cannot be downplayed. II. iii. Social There has been an increase in recreational flyers, or the use of private airplanes, since September, 11th and this has affect passenger numbers slightly (BA 2005). This is also due to the rise of disposable income and specialization of leisure pursuits at small air fields and air

Motives of and challenges for the corporate expansion and emergence Essay

Motives of and challenges for the corporate expansion and emergence - Essay Example For example, Starbucks is one of the big business tycoons in America which have thousands of outlets across the country. They have coffee shops in each and every corner of America and the competition from the competitors is increasing day by day. It is difficult for them to expand their business in America because of the saturation they have already attained and internationalization of the business seems to be the only option left for them. On the other hand the intrusion of the corporate companies has made the things worst for the small scale and medium scale business groups. Big business tycoons with their immense financial capabilities and innovative business strategies have conquered the markets of the small and medium business groups. It is difficult for the small and medium business entities to fight or compete with the multinational corporate companies and acquiring strength through mergers or acquisition is the only way ahead of them to stay in the market. welcoming Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to their country by liberalizing the rules for the foreign Corporate Company’s entry into their country. Moreover the cultural adaptation of the business in a foreign country seems to be difficult one for the international companies. Thus expansion and emergence is a difficult task both in domestic circuit and international circuit. This paper briefly explains the expansion and emergence of companies through mergers and acquisition and strategies and challenges for merger and acquisition process. Mergers and Acquisition is a common phenomenon in international business circuit at present because of the steep global economic recess. Even survival seems to be difficult irrespective of big or small companies. Financial institutions like Lehman Brothers and automobile manufacturers like GM have suffered severe setbacks and they have no other way, but to think in

Improving Effectiveness and Efficiency of Sentiment Analysis

Improving Effectiveness and Efficiency of Sentiment Analysis Modha Jalaj S. Chapter – 1 1. Introduction: Big Data has been created lot of buzz in Information Technology word. Big Data contain large amount of data from various sources like Social Media, News Articles, Blogs, Web, Sensor Data and Medical Records etc. Big Data includes Structured, Semi-Structured and Unstructured data. All these data are very useful to extract the important information for analytics. 1.1 Introduction of Big Data: [26] Big Data is differs for other data in 5 Dimensions such as volume, velocity, variety, and value. [26] Volume: Machine generated data will be large volume of data. Velocity: Social media websites generates large data but not massive. Rate at which data acquired from the social web sites are increasing rapidly. Variety: Different types of data will be generated when a new sensor and new services. Value: Even the unstructured data has some valuable information. So extracting such information from large volume of data is more considerable. Complexity: Connection and correlation of data which describes more about relationship among the data. Big Data include social media, Product reviews, movie reviews, News Article, Blogs etc.. So, to analyze this kind of unstructured data is challenging task. This thing makes Big Data a trending research area in computer Science and sentiment analysis is one of the most important part of this research area. As we have lot of amount of data which is certainly express opinion about the Social issues, events, organization, movies and News which we are considering for sentiment analysis and predict the future trends and effect of certain event on society. We can also modify or make the improve strategy for CRM after analysing the comments or reviews of the customer. This kind analysis is the application of Big Data. 1.2 Introduction of Sentiment Analysis: Big Data is trending research area in computer Science and sentiment analysis is one of the most important part of this research area. Big data is considered as very large amount of data which can be found easily on web, Social media, remote sensing data and medical records etc. in form of structured, semi-structured or unstructured data and we can use these data for sentiment analysis. Sentimental Analysis is all about to get the real voice of people towards specific product, services, organization, movies, news, events, issues and their attributes[1]. Sentiment Analysis includes branches of computer science like Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, Text Mining and Information Theory and Coding. By using approaches, methods, techniques and models of defined branches, we can categorized our data which is unstructured data may be in form of news articles, blogs, tweets, movie reviews, product reviews etc. into positive, negative or neutral sentiment according to the sentiment is expressed in them. Figure 1.2.1: Sentiment Analysis Sentiment analysis is done on three levels [1] Document Level Sentence Level Entity or Aspect Level. Document Level Sentiment analysis is performed for the whole document and then decide whether the document express positive or negative sentiment. [1] Entity or Aspect Level sentiment analysis performs finer-grained analysis. The goal of entity or aspect level sentiment analysis is to find sentiment on entities and/or aspect of those entities. For example consider a statement â€Å"My HTC Wildfire S phone has good picture quality but it has low phone memory storage.† so sentiment on HTCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s camera and display quality is positive but the sentiment on its phone memory storage is negative. We can generate summery of opinions about entities. Comparative statements are also part of the entity or aspect level sentiment analysis but deal with techniques of comparative sentiment analysis. Sentence level sentiment analysis is related to find sentiment form sentences whether each sentence expressed a positive, negative or neutral sentiment. Sentence level sentiment analysis is closely related to subjectivity classification. Many of the statements about entities are factual in nature and yet they still carry sentiment. Current sentiment analysis approaches express the sentiment of subjective statements and neglect such objective statements that carry sentiment [1]. For Example, â€Å"I bought a Motorola phone two weeks ago. Everything was good initially. The voice was clear and the battery life was long, although it is a bit bulky. Then, it stopped working yesterday. [1]† The first sentence expresses no opinion as it simply states a fact. All other sentences express either explicit or implicit sentiments. The last sentence â€Å"Then, it stopped working yesterday† is objective sentences but current techniques can’t express sentiment for the above specified sentence even though it carry negative sentiment or undesirable sentiment. So I try to solve out the above problematic situation using our approach. [1] The Proposed classification approach handles the subjective as well as objective sentences and generate sentiment form them. 1.3 Objectives: The objective of this research work is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of classification as well as sentiment analysis because this analysis plays a very important role in analytics application. Till now Sentiment analysis focus on Subjectivity or Subjective sentiment i.e. explicit opinion and get idea about the people sentiment view on particular event, issue and products. Sentiment analysis does not consider objective statements although objective statements carry sentiment i.e. implicit opinion. So here the main objective is to handle subjective sentences as well as objective sentences and give better result of sentiment analysis. Classification of unstructured data and analysis of classified unstructured data are major objectives of me. Practical implementation will be also done by me in the next phase. 1.4 Scope: Scope of this dissertation is described as below. We are considering implicit and explicit opinion so sentiment analysis expected to be improved Analysis of unstructured data gives us important information about people choice and view We are proposed an approach which can be applied for close domain like â€Å"Indian Political news article†, â€Å"Movie Reviews†, â€Å"Stock Market News† and Product Review† so, with the consideration of implicit and explicit opinions we can generate precise view of people so industries can define their strategies. Business and Social Intelligence applications use this sentiment analysis so with this approach it’ll be efficient. Applications: There are so many application of Sentiment Analysis which is used now-a-day to generate predictive analysis for unstructured data. Areas of applications are Social and Business intelligence applications, Product reviews help us to define marketing or production strategies, Movie reviews analysis, News Analysis, Consider political news and comments of people and generate the analysis of election, Predict the effect of specific events or issues on people, Emotional identification of person can be also generated, Find trends in the world Comparative view can also be described for products, movies and events, Improve predictive analysis of return of investment strategies. 1.6 Challenges: There are following challenges which are exists in sentiment analysis are Deal with noisy text in sentiment analysis is difficult. Create SentiWordNet for open domain is challenging task i.e. make a universal SentiWordNet is the Challenging task. When a document discusses several entities, it is crucial to identify the text relevant to each entity. Current accuracy in identifying the relevant text is far from satisfactory.[5] There is a need for better modelling of compositional sentiment. At the sentence level, this means more accurate calculation of the overall sentence sentiment of the sentiment-bearing words, the sentiment shifters, and the sentence structure. [5] There are some approaches that use to identify sarcasm, they are not yet integrated within autonomous sentiment analysis systems.[5]

Blind Children :: essays research papers

Blind children, if given a chance, can play and learn right alongside their sighted peers. An open mind, a positive attitude, and a little creativity are usually all it takes to integrate blind students into regular preschool programs. The blind child can learn the same concepts that are taught the other children. The only difference is the method of learning. The blind child must make more use of the other senses. They also need parents and teachers who will allow lots of hands-on experiences. Blind children can learn the same concepts as other children. They may just need to learn it in a different method such as hands-on. Concepts such as big and little, same and different, prepositions (over, under, in, out, behind), shapes, number concepts, and others are easily taught with concrete objects as an alternative to pictures on paper. Parents of blind children are used to helping their children get accustomed to new places and will guide you in doing so. Usually, one or two visits to the classroom when the other children are not present will be enough to orient the child. Children will use many things to find their way around. The sound of the wall clock or heater may be a way for them to locate themselves. They quickly learn that the story time area is carpeted and that the dress-up area is next to the windows where they can feel the sun or hear the rain. Blindness does not mean that the child is totally without usable vision. Most of blind children have varying amounts of vision, which can be quite helpful. â€Å"Legal blindness† is a term you may hear. It means that a child has 10% or less of normal vision. Teachers need to know that many factors affect what, and how much, a child may see at any particular time. Type of eye condition, fatigue, lighting, excitement, etc. all affect a partially sighted child’s vision. There is little need to worry about the comfort the blind child will have with its peers in the classroom.

Behaviors of two Revenue and Profit Maximization: A Companion of Two Economic Models

Revenue is often simplified in economics or basic finance projections to â€Å"Price x Quantity† (the price of a good times the number of goods sold) though it is rarely this simple in actuality. Net revenue (revenue – returns) is used when sales returns are a factor in the business (http://en. wikipedia. org)†. â€Å"Our first look at firm behavior comes within the context of perfect competition. What comes below is a step-by-step explanation of how perfectly competitive firms maximize their profits, both algebraically and graphically, and a discussion of our result (http://www. louisville. edu)†.Remember that, in perfectly competitive markets, no individual firm has any influence over the market price (since there are many firms and each is a small player in the overall market). Since each firm's product is identical to that of other firms (i. e. products are homogeneous), all firms face the same price. Objectives The paper is a summary of a journal of ec onomic literature. This article is about revenue versus profit maximization. This covers the differences of behavior by the type of control and market power. Also, it illustrates the different behaviors and model firms can use to profit and revenue.Profit maximization was used to critically evaluate the different article models. Revenues versus Profit maximization: Differences in Behavior by the Type of Control and by Market Power Professor Baumol did not favor to the neoclassical theory. He suggested maximizing the total revenues not the profit. This is so called minimum profit constraint or rather spotty observation of business behavior. It is purposely to test empirically the maximization revenues (RM). So it’s expected that large firms falls into specification firms. To which, is in turn into two classifications; Olig holistic firm and owner’s interest firm.The first type of firm is further classified as to the theory of â€Å"Oligopoly†. While the owner int erest firm, the second type means no management interest. While firms cannot individually influence the market price through their actions, they can collectively. Therefore, our starting point will be the market demand and supply curves. These are the same demand and supply curves from the earlier material on Consumer Theory (i. e. they do all the same tricks, like demand shifting when there's a change in income, which those other demand and supply curves did.

The New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander - 1316 Words

The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws were used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civil rights movement. Fast-forward to 2008 the election of Barack Obama certified that African-Americans were no longer viewed as second-class citizens instead African-Americans are equal to their white counterparts. However, Michelle Alexander†¦show more content†¦Alexander asserts â€Å"Jim Crow appears to die, but then are reborn in a new form tailored to the needs and constraints of the time.† The announcement of the War on Drugs steamroll mass incarceration of African-Americans in creating more crime and disparities in the African-American communities. When African-Americans are released from prison new Jim Crow laws took it one step further to maintain racialized social control by labeling African-Americans as felon. Alexander states â€Å"once you label to filing all formative discrimination in employment discrimination, housing discrimination, the now on the right to vote, denial of educational opportunities to now of food stamps and other public benefits, and exclusion from jury servers are suddenly legal.† P page 2 Many African-American are caught in a cycle unable to achieve the amenities of first-class citizenship, which is the exact same amenities that African-Americans have fought to achieve post slavery. Alexander proclaimed that the colorblindness to the mass incarceration of African-American are overshadow with the labeling of being a felon. And it’s because of the labeling of that society look at felon as if they were less than hum an the same way African-Americans was looked at during slavery. Alexander Asserts that mass incarceration is allowed to go on because of the eerie silence of the African-American community. AccordingShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws where used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civilRead MoreThe New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander960 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander tries to advance intellectual dialogue regarding mass incarceration in the United States. Alexander does this by carrying out a historical analysis of the process in which the correctional system controls African Americans through intentionally selected, and systematically sanctioned legal limits. In fact, the United States incarceration rate is not at peak by coincidence. Moreover, it i s not coincidental that Black men and women make up the majority of thisRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe third critical book review for this class takes a look at â€Å"The New Jim Crow† by Michelle Alexander published in 2012 by the New York Press. This book analyzes the problem with the incarceration system in the United States today that unfairly affects the African American community. This incarceration system is continuing to separate families, strip men of their freedom, and effectually make them into second class citizens upon release from prison as â€Å"free† men. She even describes that thoseRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe book, The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander is about the mass incarceration of African Americans in the criminal justice system. 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The Civil RightsRead MoreThe New Jim Crow, By Michelle Alexander Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesRacism is a thing of the past, or is it? Michelle Alexander’s, â€Å"The New Jim Crow,† main focus is on mass incarceration and how it occurs in an era of color blindness. Alexander also focuses on the social oppressions that African Americans hav e suffered throughout the years, until now. In this essay, I will discuss how the system of control was constructed, Alexander’s compelling historical analysis, and if the current system would be easier to dismantle. I would like to start by delving into howRead MoreThe New Jim Crow, By Michelle Alexander929 Words   |  4 Pagescriminal on record causing them to struggle in society. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Michelle Alexander author of The New Jim Crow, whose specialty, are racial profiling, racism in the United States and race in the criminal justice system, revealed how the government incarceration system is set up for failure, especially for the oppressed minorities in society. â€Å"Observers have referred to the advent of mass imprisonment as â€Å"The New Jim Crow† because the devastating racial impact of imprisonment effectively isolatesRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander2184 Words   |  9 Pages Paola Gonzalez Professor Maroney The American Experience May 6, 2015 The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander The New Jim Crow book written by Michelle Alexander and Michelle McCool addresses the racial dimensions of the War on Drugs. The book disputes that the federal drug policy purposefully targets lower minority groups and communities of color to keep black people incarcerated and off the streets. The book starts of disproving the idea that racism no longer exists by proving that racism is stillRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander Essay2059 Words   |  9 PagesIn the book The New Jim Crow author Michelle Alexander argues that a racial caste system still exists in the United States. Furthermore, this caste system is set up by the social control that is created by the discriminatory practices of the War on Drugs. The War on Drugs and mass incarcerations create a racial â€Å"undercaste† of African-Americans, by marginalizing ex-offenders in America. Within her arguments she describes the racist practices of, and policies surrounding, the War on Drugs. These extendRead MoreMichelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow1495 Words   |  6 Pages Baker, Anderson, and Dorn (1992) talk â€Å"A Critical Thinking Approach† giving the readers six guidelines to follow when critically assessing any literary work, all of which can apply to Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow. The first guideline is about how accessible is her work. Throughout the book, Alexander made her work as clear and concise as she possibly could by explaining certain points over again in a different chapter to make sure that the audience understands what she is trying to say